JDBC Interface

PostgreSQL 7.4.18 Documentation
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# Chapter 31. JDBC Interface

JDBC is a core API of Java 1.1 and later. It provides a standard set of interfaces to SQL-compliant databases.

PostgreSQL provides a type 4 JDBC driver. Type 4 indicates that the driver is written in Pure Java, and communicates in the database system's own network protocol. Because of this, the driver is platform independent; once compiled, the driver can be used on any system.

This chapter is not intended as a complete guide to JDBC programming, but should help to get you started. For more information refer to the standard JDBC API documentation. Also, take a look at the examples included with the source.

# 31.1. Setting up the JDBC Driver

This section describes the steps you need to take before you can write or run programs that use the JDBC interface.

## 31.1.1. Getting the Driver

Precompiled versions of the driver can be downloaded from the PostgreSQL JDBC web site.

Alternatively you can build the driver from source, but you should only need to do this if you are making changes to the source code. For details, refer to the PostgreSQL installation instructions. After installation, the driver should be found in ``PREFIX`/share/java/postgresql.jar`. The resulting driver will be built for the version of Java you are running. If you build with a 1.1 JDK you will build a version that supports the JDBC 1 specification, if you build with a 1.2 or 1.3 JDK you will build a version that supports the JDBC 2 specification, and finally if you build with a 1.4 JDK you will build a version that supports the JDBC 3 specification.

## 31.1.2. Setting up the Class Path

To use the driver, the JAR archive (named `postgresql.jar` if you built from source, otherwise it will likely be named `pg7.4jdbc1.jar`, `pg7.4jdbc2.jar`, or `pg7.4jdbc3.jar` for the JDBC 1, JDBC 2, and JDBC 3 versions respectively) needs to be included in the class path, either by putting it in the `CLASSPATH` environment variable, or by using flags on the `java` command line.

For instance, assume we have an application that uses the JDBC driver to access a database, and that application is installed as `/usr/local/lib/myapp.jar`. The PostgreSQL JDBC driver installed as `/usr/local/pgsql/share/java/postgresql.jar`. To run the application, we would use:

    export CLASSPATH=/usr/local/lib/myapp.jar:/usr/local/pgsql/share/java/postgresql.jar:.
    java MyApp

Loading the driver from within the application is covered in Section 31.2.

## 31.1.3. Preparing the Database Server for JDBC

Because Java only uses TCP/IP connections, the PostgreSQL server must be configured to accept TCP/IP connections. This can be done by setting `tcpip_socket = true` in the `postgresql.conf` file or by supplying the `-i` option flag when starting `postmaster`.

Also, the client authentication setup in the `pg_hba.conf` file may need to be configured. Refer to Chapter 19 for details. The JDBC driver supports the `trust`, `ident`, `password`, `md5`, and `crypt` authentication methods.

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