notify(3)

NAME
notify_post, notify_register_check, notify_register_signal, notify_register_mach_port, notify_register_file_descriptor, notify_check, notify_cancel - event distribution functions

SYNOPSIS
#include <notify.h>
uint32_t
notify_post(const char *name);
uint32_t
notify_register_check(const char *name, int *out_token);
uint32_t
notify_register_signal(const char *name, int sig, int *out_token);
uint32_t
notify_register_mach_port(const char *name, mach_port_t *notify_port, int flags, int *out_token);
uint32_t
notify_register_file_descriptor(const char *name, int *notify_fd, int flags, int *out_token);
uint32_t
notify_check(int token, int *check);
uint32_t
notify_cancel(int token);

DESCRIPTION
These routines allow processes to exchange stateless notification events.

Notifications are associated with names in a namespace shared by all clients of the system. Clients may post notifications for names, and may monitor names for posted notifications. Clients may request notification delivery by a number of different methods.

Clients desiring to monitor names in the notification system must register with the system, providing a name and other information required for the desired notification delivery method. Clients are given an integer token representing the registration.

Notifications may be coalesced in some cases. Multiple events posted for a name in rapid succession may result in a single notification sent to clients registered for notification for that name. Clients checking for changes using the notify_check() routine cannot determine if more than one event pas been posted since a previous call to notify_check() for that name.

"False positives" may occur in notify_check() when used with a token generated by notify_register_check() due to implementation constraints. This behavior may vary in future releases.

  notify_post
This routine causes the system to send a notification for the given name to all clients that have registered for notifications of this name. This is the only API required for an appication that only produces notifications.

  notify_register_check
Registers for passive notification for the given name. The routine generates a token that may be used with the notify_check() routine to check if any notifications have been posted for the name. The check is implemented using a shared memory scheme, making the check very fast and efficient. The implementation has a limited amount of shared memory, so developers are encouraged to use this mechanism sparingly. It is also important to release the resources consumed by a registration with notify_cancel() when they are no longer required by the application.

  notify_register_signal
registers a client for notification delivery via a signal. This fits well with the design of many UNIX daemons that use a signal such as SIGHUP to reinitialize of reset internal state information. Clients may use the registration token generated by this routine to check for notifications using notify_check(). This allows the application to determine if a signal was received as the result of a notification, or is the signal was generated by some other source. It also permits the application that registers for signal notification for multiple names to determine which name was associated with the notification.

  notify_register_mach_port
registers a client for notification delivery via mach messaging. Notifications are delivered by an empty message sent to a mach port. By default, a new port is created by a call to this routine. A mach port previously created by a call to this routine may be used for notifications if a pointer to that port is passed in to the routine and NOTIFY_REUSE is set in the flags parameter. The notification service must be able to extract send rights to the port.

Note that the kernel limits the size of the message queue for any port. If it is important that notifications should not be lost due to queue overflow, clients should service messages quickly, and be cautious in using the same port for notifications for more than one name.

A notification message has an empty message body. The msgh_id field in the mach message header will have the value of the notification token. If a port is reused for multiple notification registrations, the msgh_id value may be used to determine which name generated the notification.

  notify_register_file_descriptor
Register for notification by a write to a file descriptor.

By default, a new file descriptor is created and a pointer to it is returned as the value of the "notify_fd" parameter. A file descriptor created by a previous call to this routine may be used for notifications if a pointer to that file descriptor is passed in to the routine and NOTIFY_REUSE is set in the flags parameter.

Note that the kernel limits the buffer space for queued writes on a file descriptor. If it is important that notifications should not be lost due to queue overflow, clients should service messages quickly, and be cautious in using the same file descriptor for notifications for more than one name.

Notifications are delivered by an integer value written to the file descriptor. The value will match the notification token for which the notification was generated.

  notify_check
Checks if any notifications have been posted for a name. The output parameter "check" is set to 0 for false, 1 for true. A true indication is returned the first time notify_check is called for a token. Subsequent calls give a true indication when notifications have been posted for the name associated with the notification token.

notify_check() may be used with any notification token produced by any of the notification registration routines. A fast check based on a shared memory implementation is used when the token was generated by notify_register_check(). Other tokens are checked by a call to the notification server.

  notify_cancel
Cancel notification and free resources associated with a notification token. Mach ports and file descriptor associated with a token are released (deallocated or closed) when all registration tokens associated with the port or file descriptor have been cancelled.

NAMESPACE CONVENTIONS
Names in the namespace must be NULL-terminated. Names should be encoded as UTF-8 strings.

The namespace supported by the system is unstructured, but users of this API are highly encouraged to follow the reverse-ICANN domain name convention used for Java package names and for System Preferences on Mac OS X. For example, "com.mydomain.example.event".

Apple Computer reserves the portion of the namespace prefixed by "com.apple.". This policy is not enforced in the current implementation, but may be in the future.

Third party developers are encouraged to choose a prefix for names that will avoid conflicts in the shared namespace.

The portion of the namespece prefixed by the string "self." is set aside for private use by applications. That is, each client may use that part of the namespace for intra-process notifications. These notifications are private to each individual process and are not propagated between processes.

USAGE EXAMPLES
A notification producer.

#include <notify.h> ...

notify_post("com.eg.random.event");

A client using notify_check() to determine when to invalidate a cache.

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <notify.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int status, token, check;

status = notify_register_check("com.eg.update", &token); if (status != NOTIFY_STATUS_OK) { fprintf(stderr, "registration failed (%u)\n", status); exit(status); }

build_my_cache();

...

status = notify_check(token, &check); if ((status == NOTIFY_STATUS_OK) && (check != 0)) { /* An update has occurred - invalidate the cache */ reset_my_cache(); }

...

A client using file descriptor notifications.

#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string.h> #include <errno.h> #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <notify.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int nf, status, rtoken, qtoken, t; fd_set readfds;

status = notify_register_file_descriptor("com.eg.random.event", &nf, 0, &rtoken); if (status != NOTIFY_STATUS_OK) { fprintf(stderr, "registration failed (%u)\n", status); exit(status); }

status = notify_register_file_descriptor("com.eg.random.quit", &nf, NOTIFY_REUSE, &qtoken); if (status != NOTIFY_STATUS_OK) { fprintf(stderr, "registration failed (%u)\n", status); exit(status); }

FD_ZERO(&readfds); FD_SET(nf, &readfds);

for (;;) { status = select(nf+1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, NULL); if (status <= 0) continue; if (!FD_ISSET(nf, &readfds)) continue;

status = read(nf, &t, sizeof(int)); if (status < 0) { perror("read"); break; }

if (t == rtoken) printf("random event\n"); else if (t == qtoken) break; }

printf("shutting down); notify_cancel(rtoken); notify_cancel(qtoken); exit(0); }

HISTORY
These functions first appeared in Mac OS X 10.3.

SEE ALSO
read(2), select(2), signal(3)